Definite Articles Il and Lo in Early Italian

In early Italian, the use of various forms of the definite article was a little different than today. The form lo was more frequent than in modern Italian, and it was also used in many cases in which il was subsequently called for. Today,  lo precedes nouns beginning with s impura (s consonant), (lo Stato), z (lo zio), gn (lo gnomo), sc (lo sciocco), pn (lo pneumatico), ps (lo psicologo), x (lo xilofono), and with i semiconsonantica (semivowel i) (lo iodio). All other masculine nouns starting with a consonant are preceded by the article il. In early Italian, however, the form il could only be used after a word ending in a vowel and before a word beginning with a consonante semplice (simple consonant). In those cases, it could also occur in the reduced form l. Here are two examples from Dantes Divine Comedy (more specifically from Inferno: Canto I: mavea di paura il cor compunto (verso 15);là  , dove l sol tace (verso 60). However, the form lo can be used in both cases, given that the final sound of the previous words ends in vowels and the initial sounds of the next words end in simple consonants. In particular, the use of this form was mandatory at the beginning of a phrase. Here are some examples, again taken from Dantes Divine Comedy: si volse a retro a rimirar lo passo (Inferno: Canto I, verso 26);Tu se lo mio maestro (Inferno: Canto I, verso 85);Lo giorno se nandava (Inferno: Canto II, verso 1). The differences in the use of the articles lo and il could be summarized as follows: in early Italian, lo was used more frequently and could be used in all cases (even if il was expected). In modern Italian il is found more frequently, and unlike in early Italian, there is no overlap in the usage of the two articles. How Is Lo Used in Contemporary Italian? The early use of the article lo instead of il continues in contemporary Italian in adverbial phrases such as per lo pià ¹ (for the most part) and per lo meno (at least). Another form which still occurs today (but in very limited use), is the plural li. This form is sometimes found when indicating a date, especially in bureaucratic correspondence: Rovigo, li marzo 23 1995. Since li isnt an article recognized by most Italians today, it is not uncommon to see it misspelled with an accent, as if it were the adverb of place là ¬. Of course, when speaking one says Rovigo, il marzo 23 1995, while in general in correspondence it is preferred to write 23 marzo 1995 (without the article). In  Italian, the article, whether an  articolo  determinativo  (definite article), an  articolo  indeterminativo  (indefinite article), or an  articolo  partitivo  (partitive article), has no independent lexical meaning in a sentence. It serves in various ways, however, to define the  noun  it is associated with, and with which it must agree in gender and number. If the speaker wants to say something about a dog (for example), he must first specify whether the statement is intended to refer to all class members (Il cane à ¨ il  migliore  amico  delluomo.—Dog is mans best friend.) or a single individual (Marco ha un cane pezzato.—Mark has a spotted dog). The article, along with other parts of speech, for example,  aggettivi  dimostrativi  (questo  cane—this dog), (alcuni  cani—some dogs), or  aggettivi  qualificativi  ( un bel cane—a beautiful dog), performs the important function of determining the nomi nal group.

My Memories Of My Life - 955 Words

From a very early age I knew that I wanted to do something with my life to make other people s lives better. My mom likes to remind me of the time when I was a small child in Washington, DC.Even with all of the awe and sights to see in DC, she said that I could only focus on all of the homeless people. Seeing a homeless person was new to me, let alone seeing hundreds, but my mom likes to remind me about how I wanted to â€Å"make lasagna and feed all of them†. My visit to DC had made it apparent to me that I wanted to make other people’s lives better, but I wasn’t sure how I was going to go about it. Still in my childhood, I remember visiting my grandma in the hospital. It was my first experience visiting a sick loved one. I recall walking into a dimly lit room and seeing my grandma lying on a hospital bed. Jeopardy, her favorite TV show, was on in the background.She greeted me with a smile, but I could tell that she was not alright. My grandma spoke to me as if she was well but from her lack of energy and pale face I could tell all was not well. I sat on her bed and listened to my mom talk to her. A young doctor walked into the room and talked with her about how he was going to take care of her.I remember this man speaking with so much enthusiasm about making her feel better. I could tell he knew that he was going to make my grandma feel better. As he spoke with her, I could see my grandma’s demeanor change. She perked up, became wide-eyed, and gave him the biggest and mostShow MoreRelatedMy Memories Of My Life941 Words   |  4 Pagesthree different environments over the course of my epic childhood. All of these places, in my mind, are all very unique and have their own special memory inside of my mind. Today, I will describe the three place I have lived over my life so far and the main components that made them special to me; such as family and the home I lived in. 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Reflective Material Free Essays

Monica Wells MSM 5100 August 28, 2011 Why did Jim feel it necessary to analyze reflective material produced by students rather than just interview final-year students in his research? ANSWER: I feel that Jim choose to use both means of collecting data to ensure he was able to see the whole picture. Additionally, I feel it was good for him to lay down a base line for the interviews by reviewing the reflective data. I also believe this allowed him to get a better understanding of the students and the data prior to conducting interviews. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Material or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why was it important to plan and manage the interview the way described. ANSWER: I believe that it was good to explain to the students what he was attempting to do during the interview process. I also believe that as an interviewer you want as few distractions as possible thus not disrupting the flow of the information. Iti s also important to put the students at ease and not have them concerned about what they say and how it will be used. Furthermore, I believe as an interviewer one wants as few distractions as possible during the process. With Jim allowing for cross flow of communication and having them in a group, I believe that it enabled the process to get to the route of the problem. More often that not, people feed off of others comments thus adding to the discussion. As Jim only interjected when they got off topic this allowed for him to gather more data during the timeframe they were allotted. How did Jim deal with the ethical issues in his research? ANSWER: I feel that by Jim explaining up front to the students that he was recording and offering up the possibility of erasing something the students did not like, this made the ethical questions disappear. He took the time at the beginning to tell them what was going on and what he intended to do with the data gathered. I feel he covered any ethical dilemmas that could be raised. Why was it valid for Jim to decide to interview tutors when originally he had not intended to? ANSWER: I believe it was valid to interview the tutors because his initial dat collection led to him to believe there was more than what met the eye. I don’t believe the initial information was able to answer the why, how and when questions would like an interview did. It was able to get to the route of the problem allowing for him to make the WBL a better plan. The more he was able to learn about the flaws the better for him. Additionally i feel the answers in the primarily data led to more questions. He found out that many students had not been placed and now he knew why they had not. How to cite Reflective Material, Essays