History of Prison Gangs in America Research Assignment - 3025 Words

History of Prison Gangs in America Research Assignment (Research Paper Sample) Content: Prison GangsNameInstitutional AffiliationPrison GangsIntroductionThe American prison system imprisons thousands of men and women on a yearly basis as it maintains its reputation for the highest incarceration rate in the world. It is estimated that over two million men and women have gone through the penal system since the turn of the millennium. The growth in the rate of incarceration can only be rivaled by the corresponding rise and expansion of prison gangs. A common description of a prison gang is a criminal organization formed within the penal systems and conducting its operations mainly within the prison facilities, and sometimes even beyond the prison walls. Prison gangs started their growth in various prisons across the united stated and, amazingly, some of them are still existent and fully functional decades later. For this paper, I also spoke to Brandon. He works as a guard in a local prison. He helped me understand some of the issues surrounding prison gangs .A typical prison gang according to Brandon, comprises a group of prisoners who are organized under a defined hierarchy and strictly adheres to an established code of conduct. They vary in terms of both composition and structural organization with most gangs founded on the basis of racial affiliations. Most prison gangs have also established symbols as a means of identifying themselves as belonging to specific prison gangs within the prison system. It is important to note that prison gangs should not be confused for outlawed motorcycle gangs and street gangs, which are also structured along ethnic lines and also use symbols to create a sense of belonging. Prison gangs consist of fewer members than the other gangs and operate mainly within the prison facilities. However, in some cases, prison gangs have been known to absorb street gangs into their operations as a means of expanding their operations beyond the prison walls.The interview with Brandon combined with extensive research, p rovided important insights into the authorship of this paper, which will seek to explore the history of prison gangs, how they operate, the challenges they pose, and what is being done so far to curb the menace.History of Prison Gangs in AmericaPrior to the 1960s, inmates were considered to have surrendered their constitutional rights upon conviction leading to prisoners being labeled as slaves of the state (Buentello, Fong, Vogel, 1991). Based on this conviction, prison officials administration of prisons and treatment of convicts usually went unchecked for many decades. Consequently, each prison was governed by sets of policies, which were specific for each prison since there were no federal or state processes to approve. Questionable policies born due to the lack of resources and exacerbated prison conditions came to be implemented.However, in 1964 the US supreme court first displayed a recognition of the constitutional rights of prisoners by establishing the prisoners entitleme nt to seek redress from inhumane treatment through litigation in the case of Cooper v. Pate (Buentello, Fong, Vogel, 1991). To the present day, over forty prisons prison systems have been forced by the judicial system to correct unconstitutional conditions ranging from poor healthcare to overcrowding. The strengthening of inmates constitutional rights through the courts, however, resulted in the subsequent weakening of the legitimate authority of prison officials in achieving correctional goals and institutional safety.Buentello et al. (1991) give an instance in Statesville where the intervention by courts gave rise to an atmosphere that was dominated by potential civil rights lawsuits by prisoners alongside court mandates. Subsequently, prison personnel found it far much simpler just to ignore misconducts by inmates rather than take appropriate official actions. The lack of absolute control over prisons, as well as negative response by prison officials to reforms, led to a state o f crisis within prisons where prisoners began to organize themselves into power dominance and self-protection groups that have risen to be popularly known as prison gangs today.Types of Prison GangsThere are several gangs presently operating within the prison system of the United States, each with its own identity, structure, and purpose. Some of them are discussed below.The Mexican MafiaThe Mexican Mafia, also known as La Eme, is reportedly the most now the most powerful prison gang within the California prison system. It emerged in 1956 in the Deuel Vocational Institute in California when Hispanic inmates banded together for self-protection from predatory inmates (Skarbek, 2011). The gang quickly grew in power and statistics estimate that there are over 400 official members of the gang complimented by over a thousand associates who provide assistance to the organization in carrying out its illicit activities in the hopes on becoming members.Brandon mentions that the Mexican Mafia has members both within prisons and within the streets. Most of its members were formerly street gang members but had to be loyal gang once they joined. The gang also expects its members to continue working for its benefit even after being released thereby becoming the single most organized criminal enterprise in America according to Skarbek (2011). The gangs main activities can be divided into two distinguished groups. The first category involves conventional crimes such as murder, robbery, and distribution of narcotics. The second category involves the administration of a system of governance institutions geared towards the facilitation of an illicit market exchange by adjudicating disputes among gangs and gang members, enforcing agreements, and protecting property. Its other activities include the control of gambling and prostitution within the correctional system.The symbols used by the gang include a tattoo of the Mexican flag with an eagle or snake, a print of the words EME or of the number 13 that signifies the letter M which is the thirteenth letter of the alphabet.Nuestra FamiliaThe Nuestra Familia also originated within the California prison system in the late 1960s. It is still not yet clear whether it originated in the Soledad prison or the Deuel Vocational Center (Carlie, 2002). It emerged as a rival gang to the increasingly popular Mexican Mafia following a perceived level of abuse towards Latinos from the rural areas of Northern California. Like the Mexican Mafia, the Nuestra Familia also has formal rules and administrative structure. A board of governors or governing body, referred to as La Mesa, forms the topmost hierarchy.Brandon mentions that this gang is extremely violent and mainly consists of Mexican-American convicts from the central and Northern California region. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations, the gang also has a significant presence in the New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, and Colorado prison systems. It is estimated to have about two hundred and fifty members, alongside over a thousand associates. The Nuestra Familia earns its income from extortion, contraband smuggling the distribution of narcotics such as methamphetamine, marijuana, and heroin within the Pacific prisons and other outside communities. It is also often involved in homicides and robberies. The gang has a loose alliance with the Black Guerrilla Family due to their mutual rivalries with the Mexican Mafia and Aryan Brotherhood prison gangs.Black Guerilla FamilyThe Black Guerilla Family gang emerged in 1966 in Quentin. It was founded by Black Panther George Jackson who managed to unite the black groups such as the Weatherman Underground Organization, Symbionese Liberation Army, and the Black Liberation Army to form the Black Guerilla Family (Carlie, 2002). The gang was highly organized under a supreme leader and a central committee. Its primary locations of operations are in the California and Maryland.The gang adopted a Marxist-Lenini st philosophy thus building itself a reputation as one of the most politically charged revolutionary gangs that terrified both the public and the management of the prisons. It still promoted anti-government philosophies funded by income from distribution of marijuana and cocaine obtained from Mexican drug traffickers, notably the Nuestra Familia. The gang is also involved in auto thefts, burglaries, drive-by shootings and homicides outside prison walls.The gang recruits from other black street gangs upon imprisonment. Estimates reveal that the gang has about a thousand identified gang members and associates.The Aryan BrotherhoodThe Aryan Brotherhood is a prison gang born of white supremacy notions in San Quentin prison, California, in 1967. White inmates in the prison wanted a front to combat the racial threat posed by Hispanic and black inmates, as well as counter their organization and activities. The Aryan Brotherhood had distorted perceptions of the blacks, and most of its membe rs were of the opinion that black prisoners were exploiting white inmates sexually thus the need to gang up (Carlie, 2002). Brandon adds that the gang has an organized structure that requires one to undergo a six-month probation period before joining. To complete the initiation process, a member is required to kill someone. The gang utilizes a three-member council of high-ranking members.The Aryan Brotherhood has about twenty thousand members and is mainly active in the Pacific regions and Southwestern of the United States even though its reach goes beyond that. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations, even though the gang makes up less than one percent of the population in prison, it is credited with up to eighteen percent of federal prison murders. Like the other gangs, it generates incomes from the distribution ...

High School s Peer Mentorship Program - 1184 Words

Weston High School’s peer mentorship program provides a constructive relationship for students with intellectual challenges that helps them navigate through the obstacles of high school. The main focus of a mentor is to help make the mentee comfortable in an environment that is exceptionally stressful for them. In the school setting, people with Autism, specifically Asperger s Syndrome, experience a multitude of issues because they might have a sensory overload and struggle to socially interact with their peers. As a mentor, you need to stay with your mentee throughout the school day and help guide them through any problems that arise, while also attempting to prevent any tantrums. The main goal of your relationship with your mentee is to†¦show more content†¦There are many ways to successfully aid them in making it through the class period, including providing the mentee with consistency by supplying them with a schedule that outlines the structure of the class. Peop le with Autism or Asperger Syndrome crave consistency, structure, and predictability and if these elements are not present, they will mentally breakdown. Likewise, there is an underlying routine for every class period, even though a new subject is constantly taught by the teachers. As a mentor, it would be beneficial to create a schedule for the mentee, so, therefore, the structure and order that they crave is evident in the classroom environment. For this reason, the student might begin to feel comfortable, which would allow them to have a greater capability to focus on the specific tasks. In addition, another way to help the mentee in the classroom setting is to break down the information that was taught or attempt to present it to them in a different manner, if they do not understand it. Students with Autism or Asperger Syndrome sometimes struggle to understand the lesson as they cannot process the way the teacher has expressed it to the class. It then might be harder for them to complete an assigned task about that topic and by breaking it down, they will be able to complete more work. Also, there are many advantages to presenting the information to them in a different manner, including

Impact Of Globalization On The World Of The Neoliberal Era...

The world is a far more connected place today than 150 years ago. The rapid rate of technological advancement which in turn accelerated international trade has led us to an age where states are politically, economically and culturally interconnected. Now, to many, this seems like a good thing, and in many cases it is: the ability to talk to someone instantaneously from the other corner of the planet, to buy something from china and for it to arrive within a week†¦ are all positive things that stem from globalization, but underneath these superficial changes the world has seen a pretty big economic shift since the dawn of the neoliberal era and the rebirth of globalization. To be able to properly analyze the effect globalization has had on inequality we have to look at how we define it: Most neoliberalists tend to look exclusively at extreme poverty as the reference point for inequality and therefore the only objective to eliminate, in fact the World Bank’s online entries about poverty (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview,2016) talk only about the extreme type of poverty, whereas most critics of neoliberalism underline the need for economists and politicians to also focus on relative poverty and the fast growing gap between the rich and the poor. There is also the question of who we are referring to when talking about inequality; inequality can be discussed both at state level and at an individual level. In theory the answer should be simple; according to DavidShow MoreRelatedAmerica ´s Neoliberal Capitalism and the Economic Expansion Essay examples2244 Words   |  9 PagesAmericas neoliberal capitalism and the economic expansion After the crisis of government regulation capitalism about six years from 1973 to1979, a new layout liberal capitalism started to appear; firstly it was in Britain and the United States. In America, the new liberal capitalism was of main features in following: (1) Cancel the regulation of finance and business not only in domestic but also internationally, allowing the free market rule, and realizing capital to flow freely. (2) PrivatizeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLinda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape

Problems Regarding CERA

Question: Discuss about the Problems Regarding CERA. Answer: Introduction: CERA is one of the consulting firms that provide their consultation to different civil construction organization. They have provided their services in more than 500 projects with their 45 skilled staff. The existing HR function of the company seems ok, but the senior level management thinks that their bonus scheme needs to develop. However, they provide an excellent package to their employees to retrieve better level of performance from them. Senior managers of CERA think that their present bonus system is not capable because the fulfilment of the employee does not consider them while deciding the bonus for the employees. Therefore, they are unable to utilize the extraordinary talent of the employees.The main reason behind this is they are treating an employee like students and helps them in every matter to perform their goals. Along with that, they provide a high level of bonus to only the senior level managers because they think that are mode loyal and more enriched with great skil ls so that they can give more productivity to the company. Therefore, this approach of the company de-motivates the lower level staff. The main reason behind this is workers are getting high-level wages despite the high-level performance. It is seen that at the starting of the year, they provided some goals to their employees and ordered them to achieve those. Therefore, this inefficient bonus system can create a frustration among employee and might lower their organizational productivity (Broderick Mavor, 2011). On the other hand, a higher level of wages to the senior manager without any assessment of the performance can generate a superiority complex among the senior level managers; therefore, there are enormous possibilities that they can create bad performances. Recommended solution: Employee motivation is the key aspects that canproduce an adequate level of performances in the company, but most of the company suffers from the weak employee performances. It is seen thatCERA does not provide bonuses to their employees based on the performance. However, according to the Maslows hierarchy of needs financial needs is one of the core needs that any employee required to fulfil all of their needs (Duffhues Kabir, 2012). Any organization cannot achieve sustainability by only motivating their senior level employee; along with the top-level staff providing motivation to the junior level staff is also necessary because it helps any organization to reduce the employee turnover. Therefore, it will be effective for the CERA to implement a bonus scheme as per the performance of employees. It is recommended to CERA to divide their employee compensation into two different segments. They must provide a fixed basic pay wage to the employee based on their experiences and loyalty in their company. Along with that, they should provide an individual bonus scheme to their employees based on their effort on the enterprise (Terborg Ungson, 2015). For offering a premium to their employee, it is important for the CERA to judge the performance level of the employees based on the responsibilities assigned to them and overall their capabilities to achieve the responsibilities in the most efficient ways. The effectiveness of the solutions: For motivating employees in greatest extent, the performance related pay is highly required. As stated by Thompson (2013), performance related pay is providing wages to the employees based on the performances of the employees. There aredifferentadvantages of the performance-based pay for which CERA must implement this bonus strategy. A good performance based pay helps the employee to provide more effort to their organization which in turns increases the innovativeness and productivity in the company (Zhu Dowling, 2014). Along with that, it increases the employee retention and employee motivation by providing sufficient level of bonuses based on the performance of employees irrespective of the experiences of employees. Moreover, performance-based pay also increases the cost control by decreasing the additional pay to the employees (Weibel, Rost Osterloh, 2010). Along with that, performance-based payments help CERA to reduce the employee turnover in the company. However, there is one disadvantage of this bonus scheme that is if this bonus plan does not be regularly monitored then the uneven result and even unexpected results can be generated in the company. Reference list: Broderick, R. F., Mavor, A. S. (2011).Pay for performance: Evaluating performance appraisal and merit pay. National Academies Press. Duffhues, P., Kabir, R. (2012). Is the payperformance relationship always active?: Evidence from the Netherlands.Journal of Multinational Financial Management,18(1), 45-60. Terborg, J. R., Ungson, G. R. (2015). Group-administered bonus pay and retail store performance: A two-year study of management compensation.Journal of Retailing, 12-52. Thompson, M. (2013).Pay and performance: the employee experience. London: Institute of Manpower Studies. Weibel, A., Rost, K., Osterloh, M. (2010).Pay for performance in the public sectorBenefits and (hidden) costs.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,20(2), 387-412. Zhu, C. J., Dowling, P. J. (2014).The impact of the economic system upon human resource manager.People and Strategy,17(4), 1.

Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert

Nineteenth century gave rise to realistic and symbolic movements that were still closely intertwined with visions creating more ambiguity and ambivalence. Based primarily on the true story, Flaubert’s Madame Bovary was often considered as an example of a romantic novel because of the protagonist delusion outlooks on life, relations and attitudes to people. However, the novel is also seen as the realistic representation because the author resorts to representing romantic delusions that prevent the main heroine from living in a severe reality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, romanticism is heavily attacked by verisimilitude and disappointment that were experienced by Emma Bovary in her attempts to build an imaginary world full of passion, emotion, and beauty (Flaubert 1033). The author focuses on chara cter development to disclose the ambivalence of the plot and provides realistic details becoming symbolic in light of romantic recession. The character development in the story is presented through Emma’s realization of the imperfection of the world. She lives in a false reality that prevails in her imagination disclosed through cultural modes of visions. The heroine is incapable of distinguishing between the fantasy and reality, between past and present; she also has a false imagination about man. Therefore, the author makes use of realism to make Emma realize that the world is not a romantic fable; it is overwhelmed with problems and routines (Thornton 982). Viewing the novel as a confrontation between romanticism and realism, the novel, on the other hand, provides romantic and illusionary world created by Emma Bovary to detach herself from reality. On the other hand, realism still dominates in the novel because all dreams and utmost expectations are shattered in the end. T he world surrounding the heroine is realistic because reason takes control of emotion. In this respect, Emma’s particular visions dictated by her cultural background prevents her from accepting the real life. Despite the fact that the novel is recognized as a realistic literary work, Flaubert’s quest of distortions and illusions lead to the idea that the work itself is a protest against the dullness of the existence. Such an apposition generates more deliberations on the nature of the novel’s ideas and insights (Doering 80). Flaubert’s deep contempt for reality does not allow him to be detached and indifferent enough for expressing aesthetic distance. The writer’s vacillation between pretentious objectivity and passionate subjectivity prevents him from disclosing his full affiliation to the realistic tendencies of the nineteenth century (Doering 80). Hence, the heroine is more obsessed with her romantic adventures; her aspiration to go beyond the e stablished reality is impossible because the frames within she lives do not allow her to turn her imaginary world into the truth. While reflecting on the essence of Flaubert’s ideas, Doering states that â€Å"the romantic proclamation of the individual’s right to happiness proved illusory because for him happiness itself proved to be an illusion† (79). This melancholy later turned into pessimism and realization of moral solitude, as the writer is aware that real life has no meaning. Despite mentioned instances of romanticism, the novel still proclaims that this movement was gradually suppressed by realistic waves.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the novel, the writer also oversees a significant literary dimension through the display of realistic details. Despite the fact that Flaubert the master of realism, he still refers to reality as to a point o f departure for creator. While striving to render the beauty of the ideal world, the writer also makes use of realistic details to initiate the reader into metaphoric and romantic dimensions of the concealed world created by Madame Bovary. Her false visions are explicitly represented through realistic precision providing a ground for symbolism that forms the core essence of the novel (Black 177). Hence, the main heroine’s hidden world is full of passion, emotion; it is too ideal for reality, but it makes Emma be protected from the boredom and existentialistic tendencies of the nineteenth century’s society. At the same time, the ideal she creates does not fill in her life with sense because she is a constant and desperate search of the unknown, of something that does not actually exist. In conclusion, it can be stated that, although the author has introduced notes of romanticism in the novel, the core of work is still focused on the rise of realistic tendencies that sup press any displays of passion, emotion, and beauty. The proclamation of reason is still accompanied by the author’s rigid confrontation to reality that does not provide people with right to be happy and independent in making decisions. More importantly, the established ambivalence makes the novel even more realistic and compelling as it contribute to better understanding why the era of romanticism was suppressed. Making use of metaphorical dimensions and resorting to the description of realistic details, Flaubert creates a harmonic tandem where romantic spirits serve to render the symbolism of the novel plot as well as the author’s disappointment with the advent of the realism. Works Cited Black, L. C. â€Å"Madame Bovary†: The Artist and the Ideal. College Literature. 12.2 (1985), pp. 176-183 Doering, Bernard. Madame Bovary and Flaubert’s Romanticism. College Literature. 8.1 (1981): pp. 1-11.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symboli sm and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. In The Norton Anthology: Western Literature Volume 2. Ed. Sara Lawall. US: W W Norton. Thornton, Lawrence. The Fairest of Them All: Modes of Vision in Madame Bovary. Modern Language Association. 93.5 (1978): 982-991. This essay on Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert was written and submitted by user Mustafa H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Coursework 9 For ECO320 Example

Coursework 9 For ECO320 Example Coursework 9 For ECO320 – Coursework Example MONETARY POLICY Fed’s Monetary PolicyDescribe the Fed’s objective function and how it can be used with an economic model to evaluate alternative monetary policies?In the world of economy, different policymakers may try their level best to stabilize the economy mainly by smoothing out the various business cycles in the surrounding. According to Fed’s objectives, its primary goals included the following: maximizing output, reducing the rate of unemployment and also ensuring that the rate of inflation in the economy is low. Fed’s objective function is also referred to as the Fed’s loss function mainly because when the value of the function is much higher the economy becomes worse off. The objective function describes the tradeoff between inflation rates and the output level in the economy. Fed’s objective function can be used to evaluate alternative monetary policy. The difference between the actual inflation rate and the ideal one is the inflat ion gap; the inflation gap rises during economic expansion and reduces in the period of recession, and it is merely positive. The tradeoff between the output gap and inflation gap is always determined by the Fed’s objective function (Surico, 2007). However, Fed’s objective function looks at the aggressiveness of the policymakers and during the period of economic shock the inflation rates or output levels in the economy are returned to their exact levels. Besides, the economic model depicts that when output increase for a while, the unemployment level will reduce and over a certain time inflation rate decreases (Surico, 2007).Why didn’t policy based on the Phillips curve work to help the Fed reduce the unemployment rate to a lower level than before? What happened in the 1970s as the Fed tried to take advantage of the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment? The policy on Philip’s curve did not work to help Fed reduce unemployment level to a lower level because the tradeoff between the higher level of unemployment and higher inflation is no longer there. Therefore, there is a positive correlation between high inflation and high unemployment. In the 1970s, policymakers tried to take advantage of the tradeoff between unemployment and inflation rates but it did not work either. However, this caused the rate of expected inflation to raise hence the level of unemployment and inflation rose. Similarly, this also led to the short-run Philips curve to shift upwards.ReferenceSurico, P. (2007). The Feds monetary policy rule and US inflation: The case of asymmetric preferences.  Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,  31(1), 305-324.

Lab four Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lab four - Essay Example They read very little from books but spend much time on Facebook and internet web pages. Some even said how they only read 42 pages for classes in a semester but write 500-page essays on mail. With 24 hours a day, they sleep for 7 hours each night. They spend 3.5 hours online, and 2.5 hours listening to music, 2 hours on a cell phone, 2 hours eating, 2 hour working and only 3 hours reading (Wesch Min. 3). They have to multitask even when they do not want to. Some will even be in debts by the time they are graduating. They even claim of how their laptops cost more than what most people make in a year. They hope to get jobs after they graduate. However, they do not get there through books. A problem affects them even though they did not create it. They believe that it is only through technology that all these will end. Q3. From personal opinion, I agree with most of the students claims. We buy expensive books that we do not use. We also spend more time online than we spend in class. Most of the teachers do not even know their students by their names. Education is just a routine that most people follow. Most of the things we learn do not even apply in our daily lives. On the other hand, I differ with the fact that most students usually think that after graduating, they will not get jobs. Some even think that it is not through education that they can achieve a better life. In my opinion, technology does not solve the problem but rather worsens it